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Our Green Belt course includes an exercise where students create a histogram from a file of 100 data values. Here is the histogram of the data, with a normal probability distribution curve superimposed: Students are not asked to comment on the result, but most are unable to resist doing so. The majority who do comment…
DetailsThe last three decades have seen an explosion in project management software tools and certifications for project management methodologies. Terms like agile, resource management, critical path analysis, risk mitigation, etc. are now commonplace throughout the corporate world. However, has all of this attention to the project management discipline resulted in product development executing as planned?…
DetailsThe choice of which statistical test to use is often determined in part by whether the data is continuous or discrete. Our Green Belt course includes an exercise where students are asked to convert continuous data into discrete categories. For example, time to complete a transaction is continuous data. Discrete categories for delivering a package…
DetailsPeople learn better by doing than by listening, and they learn better when they are held accountable to immediately use what they have learned. To illustrate this point in the classroom I discuss pilot training (I am an instrument rated private pilot). I have a book that I take to the classroom which is the…
DetailsIn our Yellow Belt course, students discuss a situation where improper selection of a sample from a larger population resulted in problems with the data that was collected, and how these problems might have been prevented. Students often misunderstand the issues involved in randomly selecting a sample that is representative of a population. Here is…
DetailsOur Yellow Belt course includes an assignment that challenges students to think about improving the processes that serve their customers. One of my Yellow Belt students works for a non-profit foundation that raises funds that are used for providing scholarships to students and grants to educators. She recently submitted the following statement: “My organization’s customers…
DetailsProcess capability studies calculate the process capability indices Cp and Cpk. These statistics tell us how well the process is meeting specifications or requirements. Capability studies are designed for two-sided specifications that have an upper and a lower limit. Adjustments must be made when we have a one-sided specification and/or a boundary limit in place…
DetailsIn article 73 in this series, I discussed the issue of whether to transform data. Students of Six Sigma often think (incorrectly) that there is something inherently wrong with their data if it is not normally distributed. We should always strive to understand why the data is distributed the way it is and recognize that…
DetailsThe PDCA cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act) is an iterative four-step approach for managing and improving products and business processes. Today we will discuss how the PDCA approach is used by sports teams, with an eye toward how this same thinking can be applied to improving the performance of business processes and products. The Plan Phase begins with…
DetailsIn our Black Belt program, we make extensive use of Minitab statistical software. The software performs the actual mathematical calculations, relieving the student of the burden of knowing how to do them using paper and pencil. To use Minitab effectively, students must be able to choose the appropriate test or analysis to perform for a…
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